John Singleton with Bob HowardRip Van Australia (Stanmore: Cassell Australia, 1977), pp. 121-24, under the heading “Human Nature”.

It is often said of the ideas that we are presenting in this book that they are far too idealistic. People, we are informed, are basically evil, so our ideas can never work.

Nothing could be further from the truth. It is precisely because human nature is basically good that our ideas will work, and totalitarian, or voluntary socialist or communist ideas will never work.

A fundamental law of human behaviour is that people act on the basis of incentive. The form of the incentive varies from person to person, but it is always there. Some are motivated by a desire for money or material things, others by service to others, or by a desire to lie in the sun. When they are faced with a choice, they act on the basis of the largest incentive. This may involve a choice between satisfying the demands of one’s conscience or gaining material advantage, or a choice between immediate versus later pleasure, or whatever.

A further implication of this is that the greater the incentive is, the greater is the amount of effort expended to achieve it. Again, the effort could be physical, mental, or in the form of risk or material investment.

Whether we like it or not, that’s the way people are. No matter how our society is structured, politically and economically, this fundamental rule of human behaviour will apply. It applies today in Soviet Russia, as well as in the U.S.A. and Australia.

However, people acting on their various personal incentives does not always result in maximum progress, cultural or material. It will only do so if the incentives are sufficient to encourage people to expend the effort necessary to bring about progress. For example, if all people receive the same reward for work, regardless of productivity, then there will obviously be a tendency for those capable of higher productivity not to extend themselves to the limits of their capacities (that is, to bludge). Why bother, if they get nothing in return?

Socialists and communists, of course, believe that this type of attitude is an aberration, and can be changed. We don’t believe it can. There has to be some sort of payoff. While it need not necessarily be material, it usually is for most people.

We believe that only a free society, in which people choose their own form of life — either as free market traders, or voluntary socialists, or social welfare workers with private organisations, or whatever they choose — offers the opportunity for all people to maximise their well-being. Any attempt to enforce equality in areas other than before the law, will either fail, or plunge the country into a totalitarian state. This will happen precisely because other people are as they are.

If we have a society in which everyone gets the same income and standard of living regardless of who they are or what they contribute, a number of things will certainly happen:

  1. Some people will either stop work completely or do less than is sufficient to keep themselves, and thus will become a burden on others.
  2. Those with greater abilities than average will have no incentive to produce more than average — and so a majority of them will contribute far less than their capacity.
  3. And many will leave and go elsewhere, where there is more incentive and reward. As more and more people become dependent on others, and as those others either bought one-way tickets to the U.S.A. or worked less and less, the standard of living of all of us would drop and the economy decline. If the government of the day refused to change its policies, it eventually would be forced to prevent those who wanted to leave from leaving; and force those who no longer work voluntarily to work. In other words, such a society would degenerate into a totalitarian State. In other words, the Rip Van Australia 1977 Express.

A free market, on the other hand, works on the opposite principle to enforcement. It rewards those who work in direct proportion to their contribution. Many factors, apart from effort expended, enter into this equation — success at calculating the needs of the market, for example. A person may do very little work, but hit upon an idea which leads to a product or service that is in great demand. Thus, for little physical effort, he or she reaps a large reward. It is this possibility that provides the incentive for others to use their minds to constantly improve, experiment and strive for better things. Provided the government stays out of the market and doesn’t dispense privileges to a favoured few, resources are allocated most efficiently, and rewards flow where they are most deserved.

It is no accident that those periods in human history where human freedom has been greatest have also been the periods of greatest economic and scientific advancement — namely, during and following the Industrial Revolution in Great Britain, and from independence in the U.S.A. (1776) up to about 1900. This is not to say these were periods of complete freedom and perfection. They were far from it, but they were closer to it than had been the case up to then or has been the case since.

Another thing that can be said about human nature is that when people are left alone, they are fundamentally good. We have no reason to be otherwise; just as animals who have had no contact with human cruelty or destructiveness are often quite trusting and almost tame. People become “bad” as a reaction. Unfortunately, it is probably true to say that a modern welfare state like Australia is more destructive of human values than an outright dictatorship. At least under a dictator, an oppressed people are united against a clear and common enemy and human values survive and even prosper. But under a welfare State, where everyone competes at the public trough for “benefits”, person is pitted against person, group against group, industry against industry. Under these conditions, envy, greed, jealousy, bitterness, hate and fear prosper. There is no united front, no camaraderie, no common struggle. There is only pressure group warfare, and bitter divisiveness.

People do not begrudge others rewards that they’ve earned, but we all begrudge people “their” privileges which we all have to pay for.

There is inside people — not all of them, but enough — a fundamental desire to be free, that will not and cannot be eliminated. It may be suppressed for generations, but it always lives on and needs only the right opportunity to reassert itself. There never has been a dictatorship that has lasted indefinitely.

Free people are capable of organising themselves to solve problems of welfare, education, housing, food production. They are not only capable of it, but can do it in every regard far better than any bureaucratic State will ever be able to. That is because freedom is the only state fully compatible with human nature. Recognition of that fact is not only idealistic — it is most profoundly realistic.

(in order of appearance on Economics.org.au)
  1. Governments Consume Wealth — They Don't Create It
  2. Singo and Howard Propose Privatising Bondi Beach
  3. Singo and Howard Speak Out Against the Crackpot Realism of the CIS and IPA
  4. Singo and Howard on Compromise
  5. Singo and Howard on Monopolies
  6. Singo and Howard Support Sydney Harbour Bridge Restructure
  7. Singo and Howard on Striking at the Root, and the Failure of Howard, the CIS and the IPA
  8. Singo and Howard Explain Why Australia is Not a Capitalist Country
  9. Singo and Howard Call Democracy Tyrannical
  10. Singo and Howard on Drugs!
  11. Simpleton sells his poll philosophy
  12. Singo and Howard Decry Australia Day
  13. Singo and Howard Endorse the Workers Party
  14. Singo and Howard Oppose the Liberal Party
  15. Singo and Howard Admit that Liberals Advocate and Commit Crime
  16. Up the Workers! Bob Howard's 1979 Workers Party Reflection in Playboy
  17. John Whiting's Inaugural Workers Party Presidential Address
  18. John Singleton and Bob Howard 1975 Monday Conference TV Interview on the Workers Party
  19. Singo and Howard on Aborigines
  20. Singo and Howard on Conservatism
  21. Singo and Howard on the Labor Party
  22. Singo, Howard and Hancock Want to Secede
  23. John Singleton changes his name
  24. Lang Hancock's Foreword to Rip Van Australia
  25. New party will not tolerate bludgers: Radical party against welfare state
  26. Singo and Howard introduce Rip Van Australia
  27. Singo and Howard on Knee-Jerks
  28. Singo and Howard on Tax Hunts (Lobbying)
  29. Singo and Howard on Rights
  30. Singo and Howard on Crime
  31. Singo and Howard on Justice
  32. Singo and Howard on Unemployment
  33. John Singleton on 1972's Cigarette Legislation
  34. Singo and Howard: Gambling Should Neither Be Illegal Nor Taxed
  35. Workers Party Platform
  36. Singo and Howard Join Forces to Dismantle Welfare State
  37. Singo and Howard on Business
  38. Singo and Howard on Discrimination
  39. Singo and Howard on the Greens
  40. Singo and Howard on Xenophobia
  41. Singo and Howard on Murdoch, Packer and Monopolistic Media
  42. Singo and Howard Explain that Pure Capitalism Solves Pollution
  43. Singo and Howard Defend Miners Against Government
  44. Singo and Howard on Bureaucracy
  45. Singo and Howard on Corporate Capitalism
  46. The last words of Charles Russell
  47. Ted Noffs' Preface to Rip Van Australia
  48. Right-wing anarchists revamping libertarian ideology
  49. Giving a chukka to the Workers Party
  50. Govt "villain" in eyes of new party
  51. "A beautiful time to be starting a new party": Rand fans believe in every man for himself
  52. Introducing the new Workers' Party
  53. Paul Rackemann 1980 Progress Party Election Speech
  54. Lang Hancock 1978 George Negus Interview
  55. Voices of frustration
  56. Policies of Workers Party
  57. Party Promises to Abolish Tax
  58. AAA Tow Truck Co.
  59. Singo and Howard on Context
  60. Singo and Howard Blame Roosevelt for Pearl Harbour
  61. Singo and Howard on Apathy
  62. Workers Party is "not just a funny flash in the pan"
  63. Singo and Howard on Decency
  64. John Singleton in 1971 on the 2010 Federal Election
  65. Matthew, Mark, Luke & John Pty. Ltd. Advertising Agents
  66. Viv Forbes Wins 1986 Adam Smith Award
  67. The writing of the Workers Party platform and the differences between the 1975 Australian and American libertarian movements
  68. Who's Who in the Workers Party
  69. Bob Howard interviewed by Merilyn Giesekam on the Workers Party
  70. A Farewell to Armchair Critics
  71. Sukrit Sabhlok interviews Mark Tier
  72. David Russell Leads 1975 Workers Party Queensland Senate Team
  73. David Russell Workers Party Policy Speech on Brisbane TV
  74. Bludgers need not apply
  75. New party formed "to slash controls"
  76. The Workers Party
  77. Malcolm Turnbull says "the Workers party is a force to be reckoned with"
  78. The great consumer protection trick
  79. The "Workers" speak out
  80. How the whores pretend to be nuns
  81. The Workers Party is a Political Party
  82. Shit State Subsidised Socialist Schooling Should Cease Says Singo
  83. My Journey to Anarchy:
    From political and economic agnostic to anarchocapitalist
  84. Workers Party Reunion Intro
  85. Singo and Howard on Freedom from Government and Other Criminals
  86. Singo and Howard on Young People
  87. Singo and Howard Expose how Government Healthcare Controls Legislate Doctors into Slavery
  88. Singo and Howard Engage with Homosexuality
  89. Singo and Howard Demand Repeal of Libel and Slander Laws
  90. Singo and Howard on Consumer Protection
  91. Singo and Howard on Consistency
  92. Workers Party is born as foe of government
  93. Political branch formed
  94. Government seen by new party as evil
  95. Singo and Howard on Non-Interference
  96. Singo and Howard on Women's Lib
  97. Singo and Howard on Licences
  98. Singo and Howard on Gun Control
  99. Singo and Howard on Human Nature
  100. Singo and Howard on Voting
  101. Singo and Howard on
    Inherited Wealth
  102. Singo and Howard on Education
  103. Singo and Howard on Qualifications
  104. Ron Manners on the Workers Party
  105. Singo and Howard Hate Politicians
  106. Undeserved handouts make Australia the lucky country
  107. A happy story about Aborigines
  108. John Singleton on Political Advertising
  109. Richard Hall, Mike Stanton and Judith James on the Workers Party
  110. Singo Incites Civil Disobedience
  111. How John Singleton Would Make Tony Abbott Prime Minister
  112. The Discipline of Necessity
  113. John Singleton on the first election the Workers Party contested
  114. Libertarians: Radicals on the right
  115. The Bulletin on Maxwell Newton as Workers Party national spokesman on economics and politics
  116. Singo and Howard: Australia Should Pull Out of the Olympics
  117. Singo and Howard Like Foreign Investment
  118. Mark Tier corrects Nation Review on the Workers Party
  119. The impossible dream
  120. Why can't I get away with it?
  121. The bold and boring Lib/Lab shuffle
  122. Time for progress
  123. The loonie right implodes
  124. Max Newton: Maverick in Exile
  125. John Singleton on refusing to do business with criminals and economic illiterates
  126. Censorship should be banned
  127. "Listen, mate, a socialist is a bum"
  128. John Singleton on Advertising
  129. John Singleton on why he did the Hawke re-election campaign
  130. Sinclair Hill calls for dropping a neutron bomb on Canberra
  131. Bob Howard in Reason 1974-77
  132. John Singleton defends ockerism
  133. Singo and Howard talk Civil Disobedience
  134. The Census Con
  135. Singo and Howard Oppose Australian Participation in the Vietnam War
  136. Did John Singleton oppose the mining industry and privatising healthcare in 1990?
  137. Bob Carr in 1981 on John Singleton's political bent
  138. John Singleton-Ita Buttrose interview (1977)
  139. King Leonard of Hutt River Declares Defensive Just War Against Australia the Aggressor
  140. Singo says Lang Hancock violated Australia's 11th commandment: Thou Shalt Not Succeed
  141. Singleton: the White Knight of Ockerdom
  142. John Singleton bites into Sinclair Hill's beef
  143. Save Parramatta Road
  144. 1979 news item on new TV show John Singleton With a Lot of Help From His Friends
  145. Smoking, Health and Freedom
  146. Singo and Howard on Unions
  147. Singo and Howard Smash the State
  148. Singo and Howard on the big issue of Daylight Saving
  149. Come back Bob - It was all in fun!
  150. A few "chukkas" in the Senate for polo ace?
  151. Country Rejuvenation - Towards a Better Future
  152. Singo and Howard on Profits, Super Profits and Natural Disasters
  153. John Singleton's 1977 pitch that he be on a committee of one to run the Sydney 1988 Olympics for profit
  154. Thoughts on Land Ownership
  155. 1975 Max Newton-Ash Long interview on the Workers Party
  156. The Electoral Act should allow voters to choose "none of the above"
  157. The great Labor Party platform: first or last, everybody wins a prize
  158. The politics of marketing - laugh now, pay later
  159. Singo and Howard call Australia fascist and worse
  160. The mouse will roar
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