Mark Tier, “An Idea Whose Time Has Come,” freeEnterprise, November, 1975, pp. 4-6. Thanks to John Zube’s Libertarian Microfiche Publishing.

When John Singleton told Bob Howard that we had three weeks to come up with a platform for a new political party, one of the first things that we did (the “we” in this case being a small number of libertarians in Sydney who were primarily involved in publishing freeEnterprise) was to phone people in the United States and get them to rush out a copy of the Libertarian Party’s platform.

About a week later, armed with photocopies of this and other documents the Americans had sent us, we had a committee meeting at Bob Howard’s place to discuss what we should do next. There were about sixteen people crammed into Bob’s kitchen, the kitchen being the biggest room in his flat. Various tasks were apportioned to people, and we met the following week and decided we were getting nowhere fast with only a week to go to our deadline. We came to the conclusion (that many of us have come to) that committees are not a way of doing anything. Three of us were assigned the job of writing the platform — myself, Bob Howard and Patrick Brookes. Splitting the job into three parts, it took us the better part of a weekend and a couple of sleepless nights to come up with the finished product. By then we had only a few days left to reach the deadline. We rounded up a friendly typist who typed it out and we were able to present it back to John exactly three weeks after he had asked for it.

The document that is now the Workers’ Party platform is not exactly the same. It took about three months of more committee-type meetings to get it into its final form but it is basically identical. The similarity to the United States Libertarian Party platform begins and ends with the headings of the four parts and some similarities in organisation. Naturally the underlying philosophy is identical in each case. But the Workers’ Party platform is a product of individual achievement; the Libertarian Party platform is a product of a committee in a democratic situation.

While there are, of course, some minor inconsistencies in the WP platform, by and large the reactions of American libertarians is that they would like to throw out theirs and adopt ours, only altering the specific references to Australia.

Before the formation of the Libertarian Party in the US there was already a growing and widespread libertarian movement. The US was of course, itself founded on the Libertarian tradition. One might say it began a Libertarian tradition of its own. Australia has no similar heritage, nor does it have figures such as Lysander Spooner, Benjamin Tucker, Albert J. Nock, Herbert Spencer and others like them scattered through its history. There is one person who is the cause of the current and growing popularity of libertarianism. Ayn Rand’s novel Atlas Shrugged, published in 1957, led to the establishment of Nathaniel Branden Institute and the proselytisation of objectivism throughout the United States.

Rand provided a philosophical basis for capitalism and libertarianism, but there are many other strands of individualistic thought in the United States, and these were rediscovered as it were, and caused conflict and excitement as the scope of libertarian thought widened. Murray Rothbard, an economist who studied under Ludwig von Mises, represents an alternative approach to libertarianism. Arguing from free market economics, he came to the conclusion that government cannot be justified, either economically or morally, and is the leader of the anarchism section of the movement. Needless to say there are long arguments between the anarchists, the objectivists, the limited-statists, the autarchists, and the other varieties of libertarians who exist. It is probably true to say there are as many brans of libertarianism as there are libertarians.

In the United States the libertarian movement is multi-faceted and multi-directional and highly diverse and diffuse. In Australia, the libertarian movement, such as it is, is focused at one point, on the Workers’ Party. When the Libertarian Party was formed in 1971, it was seen as being a means of getting libertarian ideas greater exposure, rather than as a means of winning political office. The aim of the Workers Party was primarily to win political office, and secondarily as a means to that aim of education. For a libertarian, a visit to the United States is an experience not to be missed. The diversity is incredible and stimulating. The people are fascinating and fantastic and the range of activities mind-boggling.

I was fortunate in having done just that last month. I attended the presidential convention of the Libertarian Party in New York, where there were about 500 libertarians from all over the country, and from Canada, England and Holland — all gathered in one incredible place. Aside from the business of electing the presidential and vice-presidential candidates, national officers, and making constitutional and platform reforms, one could sample a feast of activities and join numerous other organisations such as the Association of Libertarian Feminists, Libertarian Council of Churches (this is a means of not paying income tax rather than worshipping a deity), go to a tax strike seminar, join the libertarians for gay rights, among other things. Those other things included a tour of Manhattan, one of the sights being a view of Ayn Rand’s apartment building.

This diversity was reflected on the floor of the convention itself. Issues coalesced into debates over personalities. There were three candidates for presidential nomination: Roger McBride, a lawyer and writer from Virginia, and a man who as a Republican elector for Virginia in 1972 had cast his electoral college vote for John Hospers, the 1972 presidential LP candidate; Kay Howard, an energetic lady from Ohio; and Guy Riggs, an IBM salesman from upstate New York. There were rumblings from the convention floor about all three candidates.

I am glad I wasn’t in the position to have to choose between them. They all had pluses and minuses from any point of view. McBride was the man who won and won decisively on the first ballot, but most of the rumblings were directed against him as he was seen as being the machine man. Oh yes, the Libertarian Party has a political machine just like other American political parties. But the machine does not have the influence that the Republic and Democrat machines have within their parties. Nevertheless there was some hostility, and the fact that this hostility existed shows one of the defects of the presidential system: that a particular party is represented by one individual. Of course, one individual cannot represent all the members of the party. This is not to say the parliamentary system is any better. It has its defects just as it has its advantages. In fact there is no such thing as the perfect political system. But that’s another story.

These problems came into the open over the election of the vice-presidential candidate. There were three originally. On the first ballot Jim Trotter got 97 votes; Manuel Klausner 95 and Toni Nathan 45. The ballot was deadlocked with no candidate having the majority of votes. Trotter’s appeal was strengthened as a counter-balance to McBride. Unfortunately McBride announced he would veto Trotter if Trotter won, and if his veto was overturned by the convention then he himself would resign. It is difficult to know the precise reasons for this decision. The reason given was the Trotter had not filed his income tax return for three years, not because he was resisting income tax but because he did not have the money to pay. It is a strange situation where a political party committed to the abolition of income tax rejects a candidate on those grounds. There seems little doubt that McBride and Trotter just didn’t get along. At any rate, Trotter, who had changed his mind four times in the space of an hour (thereby casting doubt on his own suitability for the job) agreed to withdraw. On the following day Dave Bergland, another lawyer from California who was flown in overnight, was nominated on the first ballot.

The platform of the party was revised in various areas. Most people were much happier with the alterations, which gave a much more hard-core libertarian stance. However, this reflects the differences between the Workers Party and LP platforms. The LP platform is formulated issue by issue, so that the resulting document differs in style and has minor inconsistencies. The Workers Party platform, written as a whole, is a much more elegant document.

The diversity of the United States is reflected in the libertarian movement. Rather than being one focus there are many areas of potential activity. In Washington, for example, there is a group of libertarians working on the Hill for Senators and Congressmen, and in various government departments. They form a libertarian lunch group which meets regularly. They hope to influence government policies by working through the political process. One of the Congressmen, Steve Simms, is in many ways libertarian. He and another congressman are currently pushing a bill which would abolish the post office monopoly. This is but one of the ways libertarian ideas are being advanced. In Louisiana a man called “Woody” Jenkins, elected to the state house on the Democratic ticket, has done much to stem the increase of government regulation in his state. “It’s surprising,” he said, “that most politicians aren’t evil, they’re just stupid. Whenever they face a problem their automatic reaction is to pass a law. It never occurred to them that maybe the best thing to do was not pass a law.” In Poughkeepsie in upstate New York, two libertarians were running in primaries, one for Conservative nomination as mayor, the other for Republican nomination for city council. In San Francisco a libertarian is running for Mayor and another for supervisor. Libertarians have put up candidates for various officers: Congressman, Senator and President down to dog-catcher. As yet no one has been elected on a Libertarian ticket, but some libertarians have been elected on Republican and Democratic tickets. There are some who now stand a good chance of being elected on those tickets.

This highlights another difference between here and there. It is very difficult for new parties to get on the ballot in the United States. It is not the case of just fronting up to the electoral office and putting down your deposit. One has to get a petition signed by 5% of the electors in order to get on the ballot. In New York, to be placed permanently on the ballot one must get more than 50,000 votes. If that target is not reach then one has to go through the process of petitioning again for each election. The ballot status is very important. It is in fact the first thrust of the presidential campaign. The aim is to get on the ballot in 35 states. This may be a little optimistic.

In California a party called the Peace and Freedom Party, started as a new left political party, has been captured by libertarians. This led to a division between the California libertarians and the party head office which is in San Francisco. Last year the libertarian party ran a candidate for governor as did the Peace and Freedom Party, so there were in fact two libertarians competing against each other. The Peace and Freedom candidate received more votes.

McBride’s proposed veto of Trotter raised some splits within the party itself. The New York state organisation planned to have a convention to decide whether or not New York state would support the ticket. In California a number of people indicated to me that they would just simply not work for the libertarian Party presidential campaign. One such person, however, was fighting a very interesting battle with the Internal Revenue Service. His claim was that he has not received any income since 1968 s0 that therefore he does not owe the government anything. The basis of his case is a section of the constitution which authorises only gold or silver for the payment of debts, and a 1792 law establishing the dollar as specific weight of silver. Thus, he argues, since 1968 when the US treasury stopped redeeming silver certificates, the dollar has no validity as money. Apparently the IRS has had a number of cases on this basis and on some occasions have stopped proceedings rather than have it tested as a constitutional issue. It does, however, seem unlikely that the Supreme Court would uphold the argument, regardless of what the constitution or the laws of the land say.

Many libertarians in the United States are on the staffs of universities. Not only such people as Murray Rothbard. Robert Nozick recently published a book called Anarchy, State and Utopia which received wide attention in the United States; Tibor Machan is a Professor of Philosophy; John Hospers another Professor of Philosophy who was the Libertarian Party’s presidential candidate in 1972; and a variety of people, many of whom are well respected in academic circles as well as being libertarians.

So while the movement in the United States grows it grows excitingly. It grows in a diffuse manner. Its influence on the political system is beginning to show, but marginally and more in specific issues. Such as the question of the Civil Aernonautics Board or the Interstate Commerce Commission; and to whether their powers should be reduced, 0r even whether the two boards should be eliminated. There are many other heartening trends in US politics. For example, the post office is coming under greater and greater threat from private competition. The United Parcel Service, whose vans look like Australian PMG cans except they are painted blue, handles nearly all the parcels in the United States that would go through the post office here. The Independent Postal System delivers most of the third and fourth class mail, at a profit, at rates of about half that of the post office. It even offered to distribute the post office’s first class mail at a price below the post office’s own charge. Needless to say the offer was refused. With rising postal costs more and more magazines are looking at private distribution systems so it won’t be long before the post office in the United States will have shrunk dramatically in size with most of its business removed by competition. It will then be a relatively simple matter (relative to the problems we might face with the abolition of government postal monopoly in Australia) to abolish the monopoly on first class mail.

In Australia, by contrast, the range of possibilities open for libertarian action are much narrower. Also, we do not have the intellectual thrust that exists in the United States for libertarian ideas. Nevertheless, it is my feeling that Australia may well be the first libertarian country in the world. The reason I say this is because of the success of the Workers Party to date. Its membership on a per capita basis is about double the US LP membership. In Australia we are very lucky that Labor has shown us, through dramatic and radical change, the consequences of the expansion of government. Many more people are able to connect cause and effect here than they can in the United States, Britain or Western Europe. There has been a significant reaction against the Labor Party’s policies, although that is somewhat diminished at the moment due to Fraser’s boo-boos. And, the Workers Party has no trouble getting on the ballot. Of course, the preferential system is unique in Australia and enables minor parties to gain support much more readily than in the first past the post system of voting.

The libertarian movement is now well established all over the world, although more firmly established in the English speaking countries. Now only England does not have a libertarian political party. The United States, Canada, Australia and New Zealand all have such parties. In Holland, the Libertarians there are talking about the formation of the party. In Denmark we have had the example of Mogens Glistrup and his Progressive Party succeeding dramatically at the polls solely on the basis of abolishing income tax.

At the moment things may seem rather bleak. But in the longer term I think there is little doubt the libertarian movement will grow and grow till its influence tends to tear away the power of government all over the world. In the meantime, something to bear in mind is the possibility of a special trip to the United States next year, some time in July or August, to meet, talk, exchange ideas with libertarians there. To go to the Libertarian Party convention next year, and maybe help out a little bit in the presidential campaign. And get some ideas on how it is done. (More on that in a month or so.)

(in order of appearance on Economics.org.au)
  1. Governments Consume Wealth — They Don't Create It
  2. Singo and Howard Propose Privatising Bondi Beach
  3. Singo and Howard Speak Out Against the Crackpot Realism of the CIS and IPA
  4. Singo and Howard on Compromise
  5. Singo and Howard on Monopolies
  6. Singo and Howard Support Sydney Harbour Bridge Restructure
  7. Singo and Howard on Striking at the Root, and the Failure of Howard, the CIS and the IPA
  8. Singo and Howard Explain Why Australia is Not a Capitalist Country
  9. Singo and Howard Call Democracy Tyrannical
  10. Singo and Howard on Drugs!
  11. Simpleton sells his poll philosophy
  12. Singo and Howard Decry Australia Day
  13. Singo and Howard Endorse the Workers Party
  14. Singo and Howard Oppose the Liberal Party
  15. Singo and Howard Admit that Liberals Advocate and Commit Crime
  16. Up the Workers! Bob Howard's 1979 Workers Party Reflection in Playboy
  17. John Whiting's Inaugural Workers Party Presidential Address
  18. John Singleton and Bob Howard 1975 Monday Conference TV Interview on the Workers Party
  19. Singo and Howard on Aborigines
  20. Singo and Howard on Conservatism
  21. Singo and Howard on the Labor Party
  22. Singo, Howard and Hancock Want to Secede
  23. John Singleton changes his name
  24. Lang Hancock's Foreword to Rip Van Australia
  25. New party will not tolerate bludgers: Radical party against welfare state
  26. Singo and Howard introduce Rip Van Australia
  27. Singo and Howard on Knee-Jerks
  28. Singo and Howard on Tax Hunts (Lobbying)
  29. Singo and Howard on Rights
  30. Singo and Howard on Crime
  31. Singo and Howard on Justice
  32. Singo and Howard on Unemployment
  33. John Singleton on 1972's Cigarette Legislation
  34. Singo and Howard: Gambling Should Neither Be Illegal Nor Taxed
  35. Workers Party Platform
  36. Singo and Howard Join Forces to Dismantle Welfare State
  37. Singo and Howard on Business
  38. Singo and Howard on Discrimination
  39. Singo and Howard on the Greens
  40. Singo and Howard on Xenophobia
  41. Singo and Howard on Murdoch, Packer and Monopolistic Media
  42. Singo and Howard Explain that Pure Capitalism Solves Pollution
  43. Singo and Howard Defend Miners Against Government
  44. Singo and Howard on Bureaucracy
  45. Singo and Howard on Corporate Capitalism
  46. The last words of Charles Russell
  47. Ted Noffs' Preface to Rip Van Australia
  48. Right-wing anarchists revamping libertarian ideology
  49. Giving a chukka to the Workers Party
  50. Govt "villain" in eyes of new party
  51. "A beautiful time to be starting a new party": Rand fans believe in every man for himself
  52. Introducing the new Workers' Party
  53. Paul Rackemann 1980 Progress Party Election Speech
  54. Lang Hancock 1978 George Negus Interview
  55. Voices of frustration
  56. Policies of Workers Party
  57. Party Promises to Abolish Tax
  58. AAA Tow Truck Co.
  59. Singo and Howard on Context
  60. Singo and Howard Blame Roosevelt for Pearl Harbour
  61. Singo and Howard on Apathy
  62. Workers Party is "not just a funny flash in the pan"
  63. Singo and Howard on Decency
  64. John Singleton in 1971 on the 2010 Federal Election
  65. Matthew, Mark, Luke & John Pty. Ltd. Advertising Agents
  66. Viv Forbes Wins 1986 Adam Smith Award
  67. The writing of the Workers Party platform and the differences between the 1975 Australian and American libertarian movements
  68. Who's Who in the Workers Party
  69. Bob Howard interviewed by Merilyn Giesekam on the Workers Party
  70. A Farewell to Armchair Critics
  71. Sukrit Sabhlok interviews Mark Tier
  72. David Russell Leads 1975 Workers Party Queensland Senate Team
  73. David Russell Workers Party Policy Speech on Brisbane TV
  74. Bludgers need not apply
  75. New party formed "to slash controls"
  76. The Workers Party
  77. Malcolm Turnbull says "the Workers party is a force to be reckoned with"
  78. The great consumer protection trick
  79. The "Workers" speak out
  80. How the whores pretend to be nuns
  81. The Workers Party is a Political Party
  82. Shit State Subsidised Socialist Schooling Should Cease Says Singo
  83. My Journey to Anarchy:
    From political and economic agnostic to anarchocapitalist
  84. Workers Party Reunion Intro
  85. Singo and Howard on Freedom from Government and Other Criminals
  86. Singo and Howard on Young People
  87. Singo and Howard Expose how Government Healthcare Controls Legislate Doctors into Slavery
  88. Singo and Howard Engage with Homosexuality
  89. Singo and Howard Demand Repeal of Libel and Slander Laws
  90. Singo and Howard on Consumer Protection
  91. Singo and Howard on Consistency
  92. Workers Party is born as foe of government
  93. Political branch formed
  94. Government seen by new party as evil
  95. Singo and Howard on Non-Interference
  96. Singo and Howard on Women's Lib
  97. Singo and Howard on Licences
  98. Singo and Howard on Gun Control
  99. Singo and Howard on Human Nature
  100. Singo and Howard on Voting
  101. Singo and Howard on
    Inherited Wealth
  102. Singo and Howard on Education
  103. Singo and Howard on Qualifications
  104. Ron Manners on the Workers Party
  105. Singo and Howard Hate Politicians
  106. Undeserved handouts make Australia the lucky country
  107. A happy story about Aborigines
  108. John Singleton on Political Advertising
  109. Richard Hall, Mike Stanton and Judith James on the Workers Party
  110. Singo Incites Civil Disobedience
  111. How John Singleton Would Make Tony Abbott Prime Minister
  112. The Discipline of Necessity
  113. John Singleton on the first election the Workers Party contested
  114. Libertarians: Radicals on the right
  115. The Bulletin on Maxwell Newton as Workers Party national spokesman on economics and politics
  116. Singo and Howard: Australia Should Pull Out of the Olympics
  117. Singo and Howard Like Foreign Investment
  118. Mark Tier corrects Nation Review on the Workers Party
  119. The impossible dream
  120. Why can't I get away with it?
  121. The bold and boring Lib/Lab shuffle
  122. Time for progress
  123. The loonie right implodes
  124. Max Newton: Maverick in Exile
  125. John Singleton on refusing to do business with criminals and economic illiterates
  126. Censorship should be banned
  127. "Listen, mate, a socialist is a bum"
  128. John Singleton on Advertising
  129. John Singleton on why he did the Hawke re-election campaign
  130. Sinclair Hill calls for dropping a neutron bomb on Canberra
  131. Bob Howard in Reason 1974-77
  132. John Singleton defends ockerism
  133. Singo and Howard talk Civil Disobedience
  134. The Census Con
  135. Singo and Howard Oppose Australian Participation in the Vietnam War
  136. Did John Singleton oppose the mining industry and privatising healthcare in 1990?
  137. Bob Carr in 1981 on John Singleton's political bent
  138. John Singleton-Ita Buttrose interview (1977)
  139. King Leonard of Hutt River Declares Defensive Just War Against Australia the Aggressor
  140. Singo says Lang Hancock violated Australia's 11th commandment: Thou Shalt Not Succeed
  141. Singleton: the White Knight of Ockerdom
  142. John Singleton bites into Sinclair Hill's beef
  143. Save Parramatta Road
  144. 1979 news item on new TV show John Singleton With a Lot of Help From His Friends
  145. Smoking, Health and Freedom
  146. Singo and Howard on Unions
  147. Singo and Howard Smash the State
  148. Singo and Howard on the big issue of Daylight Saving
  149. Come back Bob - It was all in fun!
  150. A few "chukkas" in the Senate for polo ace?
  151. Country Rejuvenation - Towards a Better Future
  152. Singo and Howard on Profits, Super Profits and Natural Disasters
  153. John Singleton's 1977 pitch that he be on a committee of one to run the Sydney 1988 Olympics for profit
  154. Thoughts on Land Ownership
  155. 1975 Max Newton-Ash Long interview on the Workers Party
Powered by Hackadelic Sliding Notes 1.6.5