John Singleton with Bob Howard, Rip Van Australia (Stanmore: Cassell Australia, 1977), pp. 31-33, under “Capitalism.”
This is one of the more misunderstood terms in existence today, being used to describe everything from a total, genuine, laissez-faire free-market to a modern welfare-warfare-bureaucratic-State, such as exists in the U.S.A. and Australia (for Great Britain see History).
The differences between a genuine free market and the capitalism of today are much more than a mere difference of degree. There are, it is true, many similarities, but the differences are fundamental and crucial. Because of these differences, anyone who supports genuine free market economics is as much opposed to modern Australian “capitalism” as the most ardent Marxist.
The only “capitalist” economist that most people have heard of is Adam Smith, and in most arguments over the validity of free market economics, it is to his theories that reference is made. This is a most unfortunate, even if understandable, situation.
There is in existence a vigorous school of economic thought, called the “Austrian School” that has developed the body of pure, free market, economic thought far beyond the work of Adam Smith. There is no denying the importance of Adam Smith, just as in physics one cannot deny the importance of Sir Isaac Newton. But we can no more base a final judgement of free market economics on Smith than we can base a judgement of physics on Newton.
The great historical figures of the Austrian School of economic thought are Carl Menger, Eugene von Böhm-Bawerk, and Ludwig von Mises. They form what could be called a “neoclassical” school of economic thought, which kept many of the great ideas of the previous school of Adam Smith and David Ricardo, but also made many changes, some of which were quite fundamental.
We have neither the competence nor the space (especially the competence) to go into the details of these two schools of thought. But we do believe it is necessary to at least point out that this distinction does in fact exist.
Interest in the Austrian School is growing all around the world today — particularly in the U.S.A. Notable adherents of this school of thought are the 1974 Nobel Prize winner, F.A. Hayek, and Murray N. Rothbard, libertarian economist, historian and social theorist.
There has never been a genuine free market economy anywhere in the world. There have only been some close approximations — notably England of the late eighteenth and early nineteenth century, and the U.S.A. of the nineteenth century.
Certainly the system of no government in business and no business in government has never been allowed to operate in Australia.
Insistence on the distinction between a real free market and what is usually passed off as one should not be dismissed as mere nitpicking, for it is a central contention of the Austrian School that it is government intervention that has always existed in some degree that is to blame for the economic problems all so-called capitalist societies suffer today. In other words, when the natural free market forces cannot operate because of legislative restrictions, dislocations in the market cease to act as signals of trouble, and become instead, institutionalised transmitters of trouble. Free market prices, for example, act as a barometer measuring the balance of supply and demand. High demand and low supply will push the price barometer up, and send a signal to suppliers and investors to increase supply. Their motivation for acting on the signal is the prospect of better profits. And obviously, the reverse also holds true.
However, when prices are fixed by legislation, this system can no longer operate. The connection between supply and demand has been severed, so that the relative balance of supply to demand is no longer indicated by the price level. It is, therefore, not only necessary to control the price, but also the supply and the sales. If the price was fixed artificially high, then suppliers, unless controlled, would rush to supply as much as they could in order to benefit from the high prices, but the buyers, on the other hand, would react to the higher prices by buying less, and the result would be a glut.
The reverse again holds — artificially low prices mean fewer people interested in supplying the product and more people wanting to buy because of the low prices, in which case the result would be a shortage.
When the price is fixed at the “right” level, the supply and demand balance out. But this “right” level is the market price — which is where it would have been anyway on a free market.
This same situation can result if, instead of fixing prices, the supply, or the demand, are fixed by legislation (as, for example, the supply of milk, eggs, doctors, taxis, are fixed today). When the supply is fixed, what is created, in effect, is a coercive cartel. The people or organisations within the cartel are able to exploit the consumers by raising their prices, or reducing their service, or both. By controlling the supply and the other suppliers, they are thus immune from competition. The high prices, or reduced service, would, in a free market, act as a signal, indicating that there was a supply demand imbalance. (The reduced service would create a demand for a better service.) In the fixed cartel, these signals no longer operate. Instead the reduced service or high prices transmit trouble, for example, the high prices raise costs and hence prices in associated industries go up, causing such trifling problems as unemployment and bankruptcies. This inevitably leads to a public outcry and demands for — you’ve guessed it — more controls and legislation; thus ensuring more institutionalised dislocations.
This is not meant to be a detailed or an exhaustive analysis of all the factors or all the possibilities existing in these cases. Rather, it is simply meant to illustrate a simple principle: that it is not possible to plan and control a market so as to improve on the free market, but it is possible to make it a hell of a lot worse. One has only to look at the situation existing today in Australia in the milk and egg industries to see very good illustrations of this principle.
A free market will always tend towards equilibrium. It is a stable system. A controlled market will only work if it precisely mirrors a free market — in which case it is totally unnecessary. Any other form of controlled market merely institutionalises distortions and dislocations which reverberate throughout the economy, creating more and more distortions and dislocations as they go.
The market controllers thus become involved in a continuous process of patching up these holes as they appear, but because they always seek to patch by adding controls, they generally create at least two holes for every one they patch.
We see the results all around us — a progressive increase in bureaucratic control, more and more red tape, prohibitions, regulations, quotas, subsidies, tariffs, boards, etc., etc. —and on top of it all, more, not fewer, problems. A controlled economy, in other words, is inherently unstable.
A proper free market is consistent with individual freedom. Today’s so-called capitalism, is not a free market system — it is a system of privilege, a controlled market, and as such, is not consistent with individual freedom.
The free market economists as well as the Marxists, recognize the evils, in this regard, of today’s “capitalism”, and equally deplore them. But, these evils are not the fault of a free market, because the market is no more free than you and us. And we’re not free, we’re just going cheap.
- Governments Consume Wealth — They Don't Create It
- Singo and Howard Propose Privatising Bondi Beach
- Singo and Howard Speak Out Against the Crackpot Realism of the CIS and IPA
- Singo and Howard on Compromise
- Singo and Howard on Monopolies
- Singo and Howard Support Sydney Harbour Bridge Restructure
- Singo and Howard on Striking at the Root, and the Failure of Howard, the CIS and the IPA
- Singo and Howard Explain Why Australia is Not a Capitalist Country
- Singo and Howard Call Democracy Tyrannical
- Singo and Howard on Drugs!
- Simpleton sells his poll philosophy
- Singo and Howard Decry Australia Day
- Singo and Howard Endorse the Workers Party
- Singo and Howard Oppose the Liberal Party
- Singo and Howard Admit that Liberals Advocate and Commit Crime
- Up the Workers! Bob Howard's 1979 Workers Party Reflection in Playboy
- John Whiting's Inaugural Workers Party Presidential Address
- John Singleton and Bob Howard 1975 Monday Conference TV Interview on the Workers Party
- Singo and Howard on Aborigines
- Singo and Howard on Conservatism
- Singo and Howard on the Labor Party
- Singo, Howard and Hancock Want to Secede
- John Singleton changes his name
- Lang Hancock's Foreword to Rip Van Australia
- New party will not tolerate bludgers: Radical party against welfare state
- Singo and Howard introduce Rip Van Australia
- Singo and Howard on Knee-Jerks
- Singo and Howard on Tax Hunts (Lobbying)
- Singo and Howard on Rights
- Singo and Howard on Crime
- Singo and Howard on Justice
- Singo and Howard on Unemployment
- John Singleton on 1972's Cigarette Legislation
- Singo and Howard: Gambling Should Neither Be Illegal Nor Taxed
- Workers Party Platform
- Singo and Howard Join Forces to Dismantle Welfare State
- Singo and Howard on Business
- Singo and Howard on Discrimination
- Singo and Howard on the Greens
- Singo and Howard on Xenophobia
- Singo and Howard on Murdoch, Packer and Monopolistic Media
- Singo and Howard Explain that Pure Capitalism Solves Pollution
- Singo and Howard Defend Miners Against Government
- Singo and Howard on Bureaucracy
- Singo and Howard on Corporate Capitalism
- The last words of Charles Russell
- Ted Noffs' Preface to Rip Van Australia
- Right-wing anarchists revamping libertarian ideology
- Giving a chukka to the Workers Party
- Govt "villain" in eyes of new party
- "A beautiful time to be starting a new party": Rand fans believe in every man for himself
- Introducing the new Workers' Party
- Paul Rackemann 1980 Progress Party Election Speech
- Lang Hancock 1978 George Negus Interview
- Voices of frustration
- Policies of Workers Party
- Party Promises to Abolish Tax
- AAA Tow Truck Co.
- Singo and Howard on Context
- Singo and Howard Blame Roosevelt for Pearl Harbour
- Singo and Howard on Apathy
- Workers Party is "not just a funny flash in the pan"
- Singo and Howard on Decency
- John Singleton in 1971 on the 2010 Federal Election
- Matthew, Mark, Luke & John Pty. Ltd. Advertising Agents
- Viv Forbes Wins 1986 Adam Smith Award
- The writing of the Workers Party platform and the differences between the 1975 Australian and American libertarian movements
- Who's Who in the Workers Party
- Bob Howard interviewed by Merilyn Giesekam on the Workers Party
- A Farewell to Armchair Critics
- Sukrit Sabhlok interviews Mark Tier
- David Russell Leads 1975 Workers Party Queensland Senate Team
- David Russell Workers Party Policy Speech on Brisbane TV
- Bludgers need not apply
- New party formed "to slash controls"
- The Workers Party
- Malcolm Turnbull says "the Workers party is a force to be reckoned with"
- The great consumer protection trick
- The "Workers" speak out
- How the whores pretend to be nuns
- The Workers Party is a Political Party
- Shit State Subsidised Socialist Schooling Should Cease Says Singo
- My Journey to Anarchy:
From political and economic agnostic to anarchocapitalist - Workers Party Reunion Intro
- Singo and Howard on Freedom from Government and Other Criminals
- Singo and Howard on Young People
- Singo and Howard Expose how Government Healthcare Controls Legislate Doctors into Slavery
- Singo and Howard Engage with Homosexuality
- Singo and Howard Demand Repeal of Libel and Slander Laws
- Singo and Howard on Consumer Protection
- Singo and Howard on Consistency
- Workers Party is born as foe of government
- Political branch formed
- Government seen by new party as evil
- Singo and Howard on Non-Interference
- Singo and Howard on Women's Lib
- Singo and Howard on Licences
- Singo and Howard on Gun Control
- Singo and Howard on Human Nature
- Singo and Howard on Voting
- Singo and Howard on
Inherited Wealth - Singo and Howard on Education
- Singo and Howard on Qualifications
- Ron Manners on the Workers Party
- Singo and Howard Hate Politicians
- Undeserved handouts make Australia the lucky country
- A happy story about Aborigines
- John Singleton on Political Advertising
- Richard Hall, Mike Stanton and Judith James on the Workers Party
- Singo Incites Civil Disobedience
- How John Singleton Would Make Tony Abbott Prime Minister
- The Discipline of Necessity
- John Singleton on the first election the Workers Party contested
- Libertarians: Radicals on the right
- The Bulletin on Maxwell Newton as Workers Party national spokesman on economics and politics
- Singo and Howard: Australia Should Pull Out of the Olympics
- Singo and Howard Like Foreign Investment
- Mark Tier corrects Nation Review on the Workers Party
- The impossible dream
- Why can't I get away with it?
- The bold and boring Lib/Lab shuffle
- Time for progress
- The loonie right implodes
- Max Newton: Maverick in Exile
- John Singleton on refusing to do business with criminals and economic illiterates
- Censorship should be banned
- "Listen, mate, a socialist is a bum"
- John Singleton on Advertising
- John Singleton on why he did the Hawke re-election campaign
- Sinclair Hill calls for dropping a neutron bomb on Canberra
- Bob Howard in Reason 1974-77
- John Singleton defends ockerism
- Singo and Howard talk Civil Disobedience
- The Census Con
- Singo and Howard Oppose Australian Participation in the Vietnam War
- Did John Singleton oppose the mining industry and privatising healthcare in 1990?
- Bob Carr in 1981 on John Singleton's political bent
- John Singleton-Ita Buttrose interview (1977)
- King Leonard of Hutt River Declares Defensive Just War Against Australia the Aggressor
- Singo says Lang Hancock violated Australia's 11th commandment: Thou Shalt Not Succeed
- Singleton: the White Knight of Ockerdom
- John Singleton bites into Sinclair Hill's beef
- Save Parramatta Road
- 1979 news item on new TV show John Singleton With a Lot of Help From His Friends
- Smoking, Health and Freedom
- Singo and Howard on Unions
- Singo and Howard Smash the State
- Singo and Howard on the big issue of Daylight Saving
- Come back Bob - It was all in fun!
- A few "chukkas" in the Senate for polo ace?
- Country Rejuvenation - Towards a Better Future
- Singo and Howard on Profits, Super Profits and Natural Disasters
- John Singleton's 1977 pitch that he be on a committee of one to run the Sydney 1988 Olympics for profit
- Thoughts on Land Ownership
- 1975 Max Newton-Ash Long interview on the Workers Party

Jack
November 15, 2011 @ 11:31 am
Good article. I do, however, have some concerns:
"The great historical figures of the Austrian School of economic thought are Carl Menger, Eugene von Böhm-Bawerk, and Ludwig von Mises. They form what could be called a “neoclassical” school of economic thought"
Um, no. The Austrian School and the Neoclassical School are two very different schools of thought. See http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austrian_School and http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neoclassical_economi….
"A free market will always tend towards equilibrium."
Not according to the Austrian School. From Mises.org Wiki: "Equilibrium, although useful to describe price movements, never occurs except temporarily and imperfectly". Source: http://wiki.mises.org/wiki/Equilibrium.